A patient accidentally has their vagus nerve supplying the heart severed during surgery. What would immediately happen to their heart rate, and why?
The patient recovers from the surgery, but the effect on the vagal nerve is irreversible. The patient is then required to undertake a period of intense exercise, followed by a lengthy rest period. How would the heart rate change during exercise and rest, and how would this compare to that of a normal person?
Using the Starling equilibrium explain how a haemorrhage produces fluid movement from the extracellular space to blood. Include in your answer a definition of the colloidal osmotic pressure of plasma and use diagrams when appropriate (you do not need to give numerical values)